W 600 m of altitude, summer, average temperature of 23 c, maximum temperature of 28 c, minimum temperature of 20 c, 2 mm precipitation, in londrina, pr, brazil. Spodoptera is a genus of moths of the family noctuidae first described by achille guenee in 1852. Effects of four host plants on biology and food utilization. Acmnpv expressing a stabilized form of jhe causes lower feeding damage to tomato leaf compared to m. Biology and nutrition of spodoptera frugiperda lepidoptera. Partly grown larva of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner. As these species have the potential to cause economic damage in other crops, we. Transcriptome analysis and screening for potential target. Polyphagous larva, sometimes a pest, reported on asparagus in florida. A novel cry9aa with increased toxicity for spodoptera exigua hubner. The most common originhost combinations are listed here. Noctuidae 4 beet armyworm larvae are susceptible to neem products prabhaker et al. Identification and characterization of candidate chemosensory.
Because it is a tropical insect, and lacks a diapause mechanism, it can overwinter successfully only in warm areas or in greenhouses. Photograph by john capinera, university of florida. The beet armyworm spodoptera exigua is one of the most wellknown agricultural pest insects. Spodoptera exigua laphegdocuments eppo global database. The journal features articles related to biology as a whole, ethical issues in biology, and teaching strategies for classrooms, labs, and fieldwork. As seen in sesquiterpenoids, these organisms introduce oxygen atom at their allylic. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Pdf incidence and biology of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. Note round, white orbicular spot with gray dot in the center. Spodoptera exigua wikibooks, open books for an open world. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible to spodoptera.
Biotransformation of acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenoids by various bacteria, fungi, insect larvae, such as spodoptera litura, and mammals, such as rabbits and possums, and human and rat cytochrome enzyme is summarized. Documents about spodoptera exigua lapheg eppo global database. Adults emerge during any warm period in the southern united states. The purpose of this handout is to guide you in the dissection, screening, and identification of moths collected in spodoptera surveys. But some records are also based on passive transport as with agricultural products. Spodoptera fulgens geyer spodoptera pygmaea rambur spodoptera junceti zeller spodoptera caradrinoides walker spodoptera flavimaculata harvey spodoptera sebghana astaut spodoptera venosa butler biology and distribution. The roughly 30 species are distributed across six continents. Disruption of spodoptera exigua larval development by silencing chitin synthase gene a with rna interference volume 98 issue 6 x. Identification and characterization of candidate chemosensory gene families from spodoptera exigua developmental transcriptomes naiyong liu, ting zhang, zhanfeng ye, fei li, shuanglin dong college of plant protection, nanjing agricultural university, nanjing 210095, china key laboratory of integrated management of crop diseases and pests. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, spodoptera exigua. The incubation period of spodoptera exigua hubner was not influenced by the host plant, whereas larval. Hindwing translucent white with gray veins and shading at. Oct 26, 2009 spodoptera exigua, commonly known as rosquilla verde in spain or gusano soldado in latin america, and beet armyworm in the usa and other english speaking countries.
Extensive crop damage commonly accompanies infestations by this insect. Noctuidae, were studied under laboratory conditions. Beet armyworm behaviour was observed in various crops. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner, 1808 lepidoptera, noctuidae, and flight dynamics data in the sombor region. Effects of entomopathogenic fungi on the biology of spodoptera. Noctuidae on various host plants article pdf available in bulletin of entomological research 966. Spodoptera littoralisis a destructive pest of subtropical and tropical agriculture, and has the potential to be a serious pest of glasshouse crops in. Using chitin synthase gene a sechsa as the target gene, which is expressed in the cuticle and tracheae of the lepidopteran pest spodoptera exigua, we showed that the growth and development of s. Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest spodoptera exigua by ingestion of bacteria expressing dsrna of a nonmidgut gene.
The location of feeding was more concentrated towards. Steps for the dissection of male spodoptera moths lepidoptera. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar. Spodoptera exigua laphegoverview eppo global database. Spodoptera exigua, commonly known as rosquilla verde in spain or gusano soldado in latin america, and beet armyworm in the usa and other.
Because it is a tropical insect, and lacks a diapause mechanism, it can. Beet armyworm is a tropical insect, native to southeast asia. The lethal concentration lc50 required to kill 50% of the population of deltamethrin to gossypolfed spodoptera exigua larvae was 2. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar, and the adult moth is known in the uk where it is an immigrant and not known to breed as the small mottled willow. Spodoptera exigua is native to the tropics and subtropics of almost the entire world. Jun 18, 20 the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner, is a serious pest worldwide that causes significant losses in crops. Early instar larvae are gregarious, feeding as a group and skeletonizing leaves. Females normally deposit 300600 eggs during their lifetime. Pnw moths spodoptera exigua pacific northwest moths. Larva is a pest on many plants, including apple, beans, beets, corn, lettuce, peas, potato, and tomato.
Interspecific interaction between spodoptera exigua. In the british isles, where it is an introduced species and not. Contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose. It is native to asia, but has been introduced worldwide and is now found almost anywhere its many host crops are grown. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible tospodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus. A new distribution map is provided for spodoptera exigua spodoptera exigua subject category. Beet armyworm occasionally bears a spot laterally, but if present it occurs on the mesothorax, not on the first abdominal segment. Newly hatched larvae were fed soybean, cotton, maize, wheat, and oat leaves.
Pest risk assessment netherlands food and consumer product. Disruption of spodoptera exigua larval development by. The american biology teacher is designed to support the teaching of k16 biology and life sciences. The beet armyworm or small mottled willow moth spodoptera exigua is one of the bestknown agricultural pest insects. A manual of the insects of the hawaiian islands, including enumeration of the species and notes on the origin, distribution, hosts, parasites, etc. To improve these resources we sequenced the transcriptome of s. Spodoptera exigua, the beet armyworm, is a small pale gray brown noctuid moth fw length 11 16 mm with a fairly nondescript pattern that includes a pale round obicular with a gray to orange central ocellus and translucent white hindwings with a dark veins and dark marginal band at the anterior outer margin. As adult moths, beet armyworms are extremely mobile.
In south punjab, pakistan, it causes damage to the economically. Vip3a, a novel bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein with a wide. Establishment of eight cell lines from neonate larvae of tortricids lepidoptera, and their several characteristics including susceptibility to insect viruses. Monitoring of resistance in spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Li l, donly c, li q, willis lg, keddie ba, erlandson ma, theilmann da title.
Noctuidae, is an economically important insect pest known to attack various agricultural crops and is widely distributed in the tropical and temperate zones of asia, australasia, and pacific islands. This moth is found in asia, with some specific problematic pest population reports occurring in cambodia, hong kong, india, the pacific islands, guam, american. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, spodoptera. This species does not enter diapause, so it migrates from warmer climates such as southern florida, caribbean islands, southern texas, mexico, and coastal areas of southern georgia, alabama, mississippi, and louisiana, northward across the united states annually. Spodoptera litura an overview sciencedirect topics. Assessment of resistance risk in spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Promod kumar shakya, masarrat haseeb and uzma manzoor department of plant protection, faculty of agricultural sciences, aligarh muslim university, aligarh, uttar pradesh, india email. Spodoptera exigua larvae had a higher growth rate, indicator for. Kevin kavanagh, in reference module in life sciences, 2017 3 spodoptera exigua s. Spodoptera littoralisis a destructive pest of subtropical and tropical agriculture, and has the potential to be a serious pest of glasshouse crops in northern europe. Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest spodoptera. Incidence and biology of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua in chickpea in andhra pradesh. To improve these resources we sequenced the transcriptome. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus as biological control agent of spodoptera.
Noctuidae from four districts of the southern punjab, pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Yoshiaki noma, yoshinori asakawa, in comprehensive natural products ii, 2010. Spodoptera exigua an overview sciencedirect topics. Spodoptera exigua often very similar but paler dorsally than laterally helicoverpa spp. The purpose of this handout is to guide you in the dissection, screening, and identification. Forewing gray with inconspicuous gray or white markings. Moreover, spodoptera exigua penetrates as an uncommon migrant far north and was found for example in germany many times.
Organism names see more details beet army worm, lucerne lucerne subject category. Spodoptera litura is also known as the oriental leafworm moth, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm, taro caterpillar, tobacco budworm, rice cutworm, and cotton cutworm. Smith, has been classified as a sporadic pest due to its migratory behavior. We studied spodoptera frugiperda development using different food sources in the laboratory and field. Noctuidae, on glanded and glandless stoneville 2 cotton, gossypium hirsutuml. Duration of prepupal, pupal, and larvaadult period, pupal weight, sex ratio, survival, larva feeding preferences, oviposition preferences, and nutritional. Spodoptera exigua, an insect known as the beet armyworm, originally came from southeast asia. Summary of losses from insect damage and costs of control in georgia, 1988. Spodoptera exigua is known to feed on more than 50 plant species, which are distributed across 10 plant families around the world. Effects of four host plants, tobacco, chinese cabbage, cowpea and sweet potato, on larval and pupal development and survival, and longevity and fecundity of adults of spodoptera litura f lepidoptera. Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Noctuidae is one of the most important insect pests on many crops, and it is distributed worldwide. Spodoptera exigua is frequently intercepted from various countries throughout the world, although mexico is the most common origin, accounting for 75% of the total number of interceptions. Identification and genomic analysis of a second species of nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from mamestra configurata.
It is now found around the world, except for south america. Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera. Egg clusters are usually deposited on the underside of leaves. Larvae are polyphagous, and approximately 250 hosts are listed in pestid. Effects of entomopathogenic fungi on the biology of. Unfortunately, genetic resources for the beet armyworm is extremely scarce. General information about spodoptera exigua lapheg eppo global database.
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